Which of the following indicates that sexual abuse has occurred according to PREA?

The indication that sexual abuse has occurred according to the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) is when the victim does not consent. Consent is a crucial factor in determining whether sexual activity is abusive or not. In situations where there is no consent, any sexual act is considered abusive, irrespective of other factors such as whether the victim appears to be participating willingly. PREA emphasizes the significance of consent as a foundational element in defining sexual abuse, thus protecting vulnerable populations within correctional facilities and ensuring their rights are upheld.

The absence of consent clearly signifies that the actions taken against the victim are coercive and abusive, aligning with legal frameworks and ethical standards that prioritize the autonomy and safety of individuals. Therefore, the criteria set by PREA centers around the idea that any sexual encounter not grounded in consent is a violation, which helps in raising awareness and providing a foundation for policies aimed at preventing such abuses within institutions.