Which of the following is classified as a mental impairment?

Intellectual disability is classified as a mental impairment because it directly affects cognitive functioning and adaptive behaviors important for everyday life. This condition encompasses various limitations in intellectual functioning, such as reasoning, problem-solving, and learning, which are critical aspects of mental capabilities. Individuals with intellectual disabilities may face challenges in communication, social skills, and independence, thus requiring various types of support and interventions tailored to their unique needs.

In contrast, personal development goals do not represent a mental impairment; they are aspirations or objectives an individual sets for self-improvement. Physical injuries pertain to bodily harm and do not relate to mental functions. Non-psychological disorders, likewise, refer to conditions that do not affect a person's mental state but may include physical or medical issues. Therefore, intellectual disability stands out as the only option that correctly falls under the classification of a mental impairment.